Earthquake
- An earthquake is vibration and shaking at the surface of the Earth caused by energy being released along with a fault plane, at the edge of a tectonic plate, or by volcanic activity.
Natural Earthquake
(a) Interplate Earthquake
- These Earthquakes occur on tectonic plate boundaries where the tectonic plates are moving towards each other or sliding alongside each other. Large Earthquakes are usually interplate Earthquakes.
(b) Intraplate Earthquake
- These Earthquakes occur in the middle of tectonic plates on fault zones where the pressure of the tectonic plate builds up and is released through the cracks in rocks associated with fault zones, resulting in an Earthquake.
Note:
Volcanic activity can be an interplate or intraplate phenomenon. Artificial Earthquake
(a) Artificial lake/reservoir induced Earthquake.
(b) Collapse Earthquake (landslide/mining etc.)
(c) Explosion Earthquake
Interplate Earthquake | Intraplate Earthquake |
---|---|
1. Occurs at the interface/plate boundary of the tectonic plates 2. Recurrence interval is more 3. More Devastating. |
1. Occurs in the interior of a tectonic plate
2. Recurrence interval is less. 3. Less Devastating. |
Vibration
- Vibration is the motion of a particle or a body or a system of concentrated bodies having been displaced from the equilibrium position.
- Vibration in structural systems may result from many environmental forces such as wind, earthquake, waves, etc.
- Also, machines can create vibration in a structure.
Types of Vibration
- Free and Forced Vibrations.
- Linear and Non-Linear Vibrations.
- Damped and Undamped Vibrations.
- Deterministic and Random Vibrations
- Longitudinal, Transverse, and Torsional Vibrations.
3. Seismology
4. Different terms in Earthquake
5. General Design Principle
6. Ductility
7. Isolation and Retrofitting
4. Different terms in Earthquake
5. General Design Principle
6. Ductility
7. Isolation and Retrofitting