Airport Engineering
In 1903, the first power-driven Aircraft was invented by Wright Brothers.
Air transportation began in India in 1911 for Military purposes
Various Modes of Transportation
- Roadways
- Railways
- Waterways
- Airways
Advantages of Air Transportation
- The major advantage of air transportation is the highest speed.
- It canbe easily access the remote and different regions which are inaccessible through other modes of transportation.
- It is reliable transportation for relief and rescue operations.
- Air transportation is used for axial photography.
- It can also be used for agricultural spraying.
The disadvantage of Air Transportation
- Air craft generates a high level of noise pollution.
- It consumes high energy fuel.
- Air transportation is the costliest mode of transportation.
AIRPORT
- It is an area that is to be regularly used for landing and take-off of aircraft.
- It is provided with facilities for shelter and repair of aircraft in addition to the other normal facilities for passengers and cargo.
Classification of Airport
1. According to FAA [Federal Aviation Agency]
Non-Primary airports.
- which handle less than 10,000 passengers each year.
Primary Airports :
- Which handle more than 10,000 passengers each year.
2. According to ICAO [Internation Civil Aviation Organisation)
1. Based on the runway length of the airport.
- The classification has been done using code letters A to E.
- In which A type of airport has the longest runway length and E-type has the shortest.
2. Classification based on ESWL and type pressure of Aircraft
- This classification is done by numerical numbers 1 to 7.
- In which 1 represents maximum ESWL and maximum type pressure and 7 represent minimum both.
The payload of an aircraft
- Payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or launch vehicle, usually measured in terms of weight.
- Depending on the nature of the flight or mission, the payload of a vehicle may include cargo, passengers, flight crew, scientific instruments or experiments, or other equipment.
- Extra fuel, when optionally carried, is also considered part of the payload.
- In a commercial context (i.e. an airline or air freight carrier), the payload may refer only to revenue-generating cargo or paying passengers.
- The fraction of payload to the total liftoff weight of the air or spacecraft is known as the payload fraction.
- When the weight of the payload and fuel are considered together, it is known as the useful load fraction.
- In spacecraft, the mass fraction is normally used, which is the ratio of payload to everything else, including the rocket structure.